4 title => 'charset cheat sheet',
7 "Reference sheet with all glyphs in common character encoding tables,",
8 "and an overview of Unicode ranges and UTF-8 bytes.",
11 charset codepage unicode ascii utf8 latin glyph character encoding
12 reference common overview table
14 stylesheet => [qw'light'],
15 data => [qw'charset-unicode.inc.pl charset-utf8.inc.pl'],
18 my @tablist = split m{/+}, $Request || 'default';
20 use List::Util qw( first pairmap pairfirst pairs );
23 <h1>Character encodings</h1>
27 if ($tablist[0] eq 'default') {
28 say "Overview of Unicode allocation and common latin code pages.";
29 say "Compare alternate charsets:";
32 say "Charset comparison:";
36 my ($title, $href, $selected) = @_;
38 $selected ? '<strong>%s</strong>' : '<a href="%2$s">%s</a>',
39 EscapeHTML($title), $href
45 join " ·\n", pairmap {
46 optionlink($b || ucfirst $a, '/charset'.($a && "/$a?compare"), $a eq $Request);
55 $tablist[0] eq 'default' ? () : ('' => 'common'),
60 norteur => 'North European',
72 use Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar;
73 my $glyphs = Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar->new;
77 # generate character table(s)
78 my $input = shift or return;
81 default => [qw( u+0-639 utf-8+realsize iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 cp437 cp850 )],
82 unicode => [qw( uu+cols=32+realsize u+0-4095 u+4096-6319 u+6320-8191 )],
83 us => [qw( cp437 cp863 gsm0338 AdobeStandardEncoding )],
84 ebcdic => [qw( cp37 cp500 cp1047 posix-bc cp1026 cp875 )],
85 iso => [map {"iso-8859-$_"} 1 .. 11, 13 .. 16],
86 dos => [qw( cp437 cp865 cp861 cp860 cp863 cp850 cp857 cp852 cp775
87 cp737 cp869 cp866 cp855 cp862 cp864 )],
88 aix => [qw( cp1006 )],
89 win => [qw( cp1252 cp1250 cp1254 cp1257 cp1258 cp1253 cp1251 cp1255 cp1256 cp874 )],
90 mac => [qw( MacRoman MacRomanian MacRumanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman MacTurkish MacIcelandic MacSami
91 MacGreek MacCyrillic MacHebrew MacArabic MacFarsi MacThai )],
94 westeur => [qw( iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 iso-8859-14 cp850 hp-roman8 nextstep MacRoman )],
95 centeur => [qw( iso-8859-2 iso-8859-16 cp1250 cp852 MacRomanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman )], # MacRumanian only for DB
96 turkish => [qw( iso-8859-9 iso-8859-3 cp1254 cp857 MacTurkish )],
97 norteur => [qw( baltic nordic )],
98 baltic => [qw( iso-8859-4 iso-8859-13 cp1257 cp775 )],
99 nordic => [qw( iso-8859-10 cp865 cp861 MacIcelandic MacSami )],
100 cyrillic => [qw( koi8-r koi8-u koi8-f iso-8859-5 cp1251 MacCyrillic cp866 cp855
101 U4 U2DE-2DF UA64-A69 U50-52 )], # MacUkrainian is broken
102 arabic => [qw( iso-8859-6 cp1256 MacArabic cp864 cp1006 MacFarsi
103 U6 U8A-8F+0-31+64 U75-77 )],
104 greek => [qw( iso-8859-7 cp1253 MacGreek cp737 cp869 U37-3F U1F )],
105 hebrew => [qw( iso-8859-8 cp1255 MacHebrew cp862 U59-5F )],
106 thai => [qw( iso-8859-11 cp874 MacThai )],
107 vietnamese => [qw( viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese )],
108 symbols => [qw( symbol dingbats MacDingbats )],
123 if (my $follow = $ALIAS->{$input}) {
124 tabinput($_) for ref $follow ? @{$follow} : $follow;
128 state $visible = {'' => 1}; # all present tables
129 my %row = (offset => 0, cols => 16);
130 my $params = $input =~ s/[+](.*)\z// ? $1 : undef;
132 if (not defined $params) {
134 'cp437' => ['cp850' => 0, 'ascii' => '0-31+128'], # ascii range overridden later
135 'gsm0338' => ['ascii' => '0-127'],
136 'dingbats' => ['' => '32-127+160'],
137 'MacDingbats' => ['dingbats' => '128-159'],
138 'AdobeZdingbat'=> ['MacDingbats' => '128-159'], # should be identical but maps to private use
139 'symbol' => ['' => '32-127+160'],
140 'AdobeSymbol' => ['symbol' => '32-127+160', '' => '32-127+160'], # minor differences, irrelevant except for different '€'
142 'iso-8859-2' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
143 'iso-8859-3' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'], #TODO: also apply to iso-8859-9
144 'iso-8859-4' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
145 'iso-8859-5' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
146 'iso-8859-6' => ['cp1256' => '128', 'iso-8859-1' => '160'],
147 'iso-8859-7' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
148 'iso-8859-8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
149 'iso-8859-9' => ['iso-8859-1' => '208-223+240'],
150 'iso-8859-10' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
151 'iso-8859-11' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
152 'iso-8859-13' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
153 'iso-8859-14' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
154 'iso-8859-15' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160-191'],
155 'iso-8859-16' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
156 'hp-roman8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
158 'cp1252' => ['iso-8859-1' => '128-159'],
159 'cp1250' => ['iso-8859-2' => '128-191', 'cp1252' => '128'],
160 'cp1254' => ['iso-8859-9' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128-159+208'],
161 'cp874' => ['iso-8859-11' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128'], # windows-874 actually cp1162
162 'cp1257' => ['iso-8859-13' => '128-159+255', 'cp1252' => '128'],
163 'cp1251' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
164 'cp1253' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
165 'cp1255' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128-223', 'cp1252' => '128'],
166 'cp1256' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
167 'cp1258' => ['cp1252' => '128-159+192'],
169 'cp850' => ['cp437' => '144'],
170 'cp860' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
171 'cp861' => ['cp865' => '128-175'],
172 'cp863' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
173 'cp865' => ['cp437' => '144-175'],
174 'cp852' => ['cp850' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'],
175 'cp857' => ['cp850' => '128-175+208-239', 'cp437' => '128'],
176 'cp775' => ['cp850' => '128'], # partial cp437
177 'cp866' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
178 'cp855' => ['cp437' => '128'],
179 'cp1006' => ['iso-8859-6' => '160', 'cp437' => '128'],
180 'cp737' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
181 'cp869' => ['cp437' => '128'],
182 'cp862' => ['cp437' => '128-159'],
183 'cp864' => ['MacArabic' => '128', 'iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'], #TODO: compare form variants
185 'koi8-u' => ['koi8-r' => '144-191'],
186 'koi8-f' => ['koi8-u' => '144-191'],
188 'MacRomanian' => ['MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
189 'MacRumanian' => ['MacRomanian' => '160-191+208-223', 'MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
190 'MacCroatian' => ['MacRoman' => '160'],
191 'MacCentralEurRoman' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
192 'MacIcelandic'=> ['MacRoman' => '160-175+208-239'],
193 'MacTurkish' => ['MacRoman' => '208-223'], # F5 is unassigned
194 'MacSami' => ['MacIcelandic' => '144-191+208-223+240', 'MacRoman' => '144'],
195 'MacGreek' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
196 'MacCyrillic' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
197 'MacHebrew' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128-143+160'], # partial ascii
198 'MacArabic' => ['iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp864' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128'], #TODO: multiple parents
199 'MacFarsi' => ['MacArabic' => '176-191', 'MacRoman' => '128'],
201 'cp37' => ['posix-bc' => '0'],
202 'posix-bc' => ['cp1047' => '64'],
203 'cp500' => ['cp37' => '64-95+176-191'],
204 'cp1047' => ['cp37' => '16-47+80-95+160-191'],
205 'cp1026' => ['cp37' => '64'],
206 'cp875' => ['cp37' => '48'],
210 my @parents = @{ $INHERIT->{$input} || [] };
212 if (my ($parent, $part) = pairfirst { defined $visible->{$a} } @parents) {
213 $row{parent} = $parent;
215 $params = 128 unless $visible->{$parent}
216 or ($input eq 'MacCroatian' and defined $visible->{MacRomanian});
218 elsif (defined $visible->{ascii}) {
219 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
220 $params = $parents[1] // 128;
221 $params = 128 if $params >= 128; # ascii offset at most
224 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
225 $params = $parents[1] if $parents[1] == 0; # apply ascii end
227 $visible->{$_} //= 0 for $row{parent} || ();
230 for my $param (split /[+]+/, $params // '') {
231 if ($param eq 'realsize') {
234 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A cols = (\d+) \z }x) {
237 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A (?<offset> \d+) (?: [-] (?<endpoint> \d+) )? \z }x) {
238 if (defined $row{endpoint}) {
239 # extend earlier range
240 my $skip = int(($row{endpoint} || $row{offset}) / $row{cols});
241 for ($skip + 1 .. ($+{offset} / $row{cols}) - 1) {
242 $row{skip}->{ $_ * $row{cols} - $row{offset} }++;
246 $row{offset} = $+{offset};
248 $row{endpoint} = $+{endpoint} || 0;
251 Alert("Unknown option <q>$param</q> for charset $input");
255 if ($input =~ m{ \A u ([0-9a-f]+) (?:-([0-9a-f]+))? \z }ix) {
256 my $start = hex($1) << ($2 ? 4 : 8);
257 my $end = $2 ? (hex($2) << 4) + $row{cols} - 1 : $start + 255;
258 $row{table} = join '', map { chr } $start .. $end;
259 utf8::upgrade($row{table}); # prevent latin1 output
260 $row{endpoint} = $end - $start;
261 $row{set} = sprintf 'Unicode block U+%02Xxx', $start >> 8;
262 $row{offset} = $start % 256;
264 elsif (lc $input eq 'uu') {
265 $row{set} = 'Unicode planes';
266 $row{cell} = do 'charset-ucplanes.inc.pl'
267 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
268 $row{endpoint} = 1023 * $row{cell}->{colsize};
270 elsif (lc $input eq 'u') {
271 $row{cell} = do 'charset-unicode.inc.pl'
272 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
274 $row{endpoint} ||= 8191;
275 $row{endpoint} *= $row{cell}->{colsize};
276 $row{startpoint} = $row{cell}->{colsize} * $row{offset};
278 $row{set} = 'Unicode ' . (
279 $row{startpoint} < 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x10000 ? 'BMP' :
280 $row{startpoint} >= 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x20000 ? 'SMP' :
284 elsif ($input =~ m/^utf-*8$/i) {
286 $row{cell} = do 'charset-utf8.inc.pl'
287 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
288 $row{endpoint} = 255;
290 elsif ($row{set} = Encode::resolve_alias($input)) {
291 $row{endpoint} ||= 255;
292 if ($row{set} eq 'MacHebrew' or $row{set} eq 'MacThai') {
293 # array of possibly multiple characters per code point
295 map { Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $_) } $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint}
299 # ~16x faster than decoding in loop;
300 # substr strings is twice as fast as splitting to an array
301 $row{table} = Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint});
303 $row{endpoint} -= $row{offset};
305 if ($row{set} eq 'cp437') {
306 if ($row{offset} <= 0xED and $row{endpoint} >= 0xED - $row{offset}) {
308 substr($row{table}, 0xED - $row{offset}, 1) = 'ϕ';
310 if ($row{offset} < 0x20) {
311 # replace control characters by visible variants
312 my $sub = substr ' ☺☻♥♦♣♠•◘○◙♂♀♪♫☼►◄↕‼¶§▬↨↑↓→←∟↔▲▼', $row{offset};
313 substr($row{table}, 0, length $sub) = $sub;
316 elsif ($row{set} eq 'symbol') {
317 if ($row{offset} <= 0x60 and $row{endpoint} >= 0x60 - $row{offset}) {
318 # replace radical extender by closest unicode equivalent
319 substr($row{table}, 0x60 - $row{offset}, 1) = '│';
321 if ($row{offset} <= 0xBD and $row{endpoint} >= 0xFF - $row{offset}) {
322 substr($row{table}, 0xBD - $row{offset}, 2) = '⏐⎯'; # arrow extenders
323 substr($row{table}, 0xD2 - $row{offset}, 3) = '®©™'; # serif variants
324 substr($row{table}, 0xE0 - $row{offset}, 1) = '◊'; # replace lookalike, should match AdobeSymbol
325 substr($row{table}, 0xE2 - $row{offset}, 3) = '®©™'; # sans-serif variants
326 substr($row{table}, 0xE6 - $row{offset}, 10) = '⎛⎜⎝⎡⎢⎣⎧⎨⎩⎪';
327 substr($row{table}, 0xF0 - $row{offset}, 1) = '€';
328 substr($row{table}, 0xF4 - $row{offset}, 11) = '⎮⌡⎞⎟⎠⎤⎥⎦⎫⎬⎭';
332 $visible->{ascii} = # assume common base
333 $visible->{ $row{set} } = 1;
336 Alert("Encoding <q>$input</q> unknown");
339 push @request, \%row;
341 tabinput($_) for @tablist;
343 my $NOCHAR = chr 0xFFFD;
346 my ($info, $offset) = @_;
347 my $table = $info->{cell} or return;
348 my $def = $table->{$offset} or return;
349 my ($len, $class, $name, $title) = @{$def};
351 my $cols = $info->{cols};
352 my $colsize = $table->{colsize} || 1;
355 $name //= $len <= 2 ? 'res' : 'reserved';
357 if (my $part = $offset/$colsize % $cols) {
359 my $rest = $cols - $part; # remaining
360 $rest = $len if $len < $rest; #TODO: optimise
362 # continued on new row
363 my @next = ($len * $colsize, "$class joinu");
364 my $separate = $cols - $len > $rest; # columns not on next row
367 push @next, $name, $title;
369 $name = $separate && '…';
372 # minority on next row
373 push @next, $separate && '"', $title || $name;
375 $table->{$offset + $colsize*$rest} //= \@next;
380 elsif (my $rows = int($len / $cols)) {
382 my $rowsize = $colsize * $cols;
383 if ($len -= $rows * $cols) {
384 # partial row remains
385 $table->{$offset + $rowsize * $rows} //= [$len*$colsize, "$class joinu", '', $title];
389 unless ($info->{realsize}) {
390 # coalesce multiple rows
392 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize}++;
396 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize} = 0;
400 $attr .= sprintf ' rowspan=%d', $rows;
404 $attr .= sprintf ' colspan=%d', $len unless $len == 1;
405 $attr .= $1 if $class and $class =~ s/( \w+="[^"]*")//;
406 $attr .= sprintf ' class="%s"', $class if $class;
407 $attr .= sprintf ' title="%s"', EscapeHTML($title) if $title;
408 return "<td$attr>$name\n";
411 for my $row (@request) {
412 my $cols = $row->{cols};
413 my $colsize = $row->{cell} && $row->{cell}->{colsize} || 1;
414 my $coldigits = ceil(log($colsize * $cols) / log(16)); # uniform length of hexadecimal header
415 my $rowdiv = 16 ** $coldigits; # row divide for column digits
416 $rowdiv = 1 if $rowdiv != $cols * $colsize; # divide only if all columns are matched
417 my $offset = $row->{startpoint} || 0;
419 printf '<div class="section"><table class="glyphs%s">', !$row->{cell} && ' charmap';
420 my $title = $row->{set};
421 $title .= " <aside>(over $_)</aside>"
422 for grep { $_ ne 'iso-8859-1' } $row->{parent} // ();
423 printf '<caption>%s</caption>', $title;
424 print '<col>' x ($cols + 1);
425 for my $section (qw{thead}) {
426 print "<$section><tr><th>", $rowdiv == 1 ? '+' : '↱';
427 printf '<th>%0*X', $coldigits, $_ * $colsize for 0 .. $cols - 1;
431 while ($offset < $row->{endpoint}) {
432 if ($row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
433 $offset += $cols * $colsize;
438 if (defined $row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
442 if (my $rowmod = $offset % $rowdiv) {
443 # offset in column units
444 printf '<small>+%X</small>', $rowmod;
448 printf '%X', ($offset + $row->{offset}) / $rowdiv;
455 print range_cell($row, $offset);
459 my $cp = $offset + $row->{offset};
460 my $glyph = ref $row->{table} eq 'ARRAY' ? $row->{table}->[$offset] :
461 substr $row->{table}, $offset, 1;
462 my ($cell, $name, $class) = $glyph eq $NOCHAR ? () :
463 $glyphs->glyph_html($glyph);
465 if (exists $get{compare}) {
468 $cp == ord $glyph ? 'l4' :
469 $row->{parent} && $glyph eq
470 Encode::decode($row->{parent}, pack 'C', $cp) ? 'l3' :
472 $visible->{$glyph} ? 'l2' :
475 $visible->{$glyph}++;
478 say sprintf $class ? '<td title="%s" class="X %s">%s' : '<td title="%s">',
479 $name, $class, $cell;
485 say '</table></div>';
492 <table class="glyphs"><tr><: if (exists $get{compare}) { :>
493 <td class="X l4">unicode
494 <td class="X l3">inherited
495 <td class="X l2">existing
496 <td class="X l1">original
497 <td class="">unassigned
499 <td class="X Cc">control
500 <td class="X Zs"><span>whitespace</span>
501 <td class="X Mn">diacritic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
502 <td class="X Sk">letter
504 <td class="X Po">punctuation<table class="glyphs"><tr>
505 <td class="X Pf">quote
507 <td class="X So">symbol<table class="glyphs"><tr>
508 <td class="X Sm">math
509 <td class="X Sc">currency
511 <td class="X No">numeric
512 <td class="X Greek">greek<table class="glyphs"><tr>
513 <td class="X Latin">latin
514 <td class="X Cyrillic">cyrillic
516 <td class="X Aramaic">aramaic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
517 <td class="X Brahmic">brahmic
518 <td class="X Arabic">arabic
520 <td class="X Syllabic">syllabic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
521 <td class="X African">african
522 <td class="X Hiragana">japanese
523 <td class="X Han">cjk
524 <td class="X Bopomofo">chinese
526 <td class="X Alpha">alphabetic
529 <table class="glyphs"><tr>
530 <td class="X">unicode 7.0
531 <td class="X Xr">proposed
532 <td class="X Xd">deprecated
533 <td class="">unassigned
534 <td class="X Xi">invalid