4 title => 'charset cheat sheet',
7 "Reference sheet with all glyphs in common character encoding tables,",
8 "and an overview of Unicode ranges and UTF-8 bytes.",
11 charset codepage unicode ascii utf8 latin glyph character encoding
12 reference common overview table
14 stylesheet => [qw'light'],
15 data => [qw'charset-unicode.inc.pl charset-utf8.inc.pl'],
18 my @tablist = split m{/+}, $Request || 'default';
20 use List::Util qw( first pairmap pairfirst pairs );
23 <h1>Character encodings</h1>
27 if ($tablist[0] eq 'default') {
28 say "Overview of Unicode allocation and common latin code pages.";
29 say "Compare alternate charsets:";
32 say "Charset comparison:";
36 my ($title, $href, $selected) = @_;
38 $selected ? '<strong>%s</strong>' : '<a href="%2$s">%s</a>',
39 EscapeHTML($title), $href
45 join " ·\n", pairmap {
46 optionlink($b || ucfirst $a, '/charset'.($a && "/$a?compare"), $a eq $Request);
54 $tablist[0] eq 'default' ? () : ('' => 'common'),
59 norteur => 'North European',
71 use Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar;
72 my $glyphs = Shiar_Sheet::FormatChar->new;
76 # generate character table(s)
77 my $input = shift or return;
80 default => [qw( u+0-639 utf-8+realsize iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 cp437 cp850 )],
81 unicode => [qw( uu+cols=32+realsize u+0-4095 u+4096-6319 u+6320-8191 )],
82 us => [qw( cp437 cp863 gsm0338 AdobeStandardEncoding )],
83 ebcdic => [qw( cp37 cp500 cp1047 posix-bc cp1026 cp875 )],
84 iso => [map {"iso-8859-$_"} 1 .. 11, 13 .. 16],
85 dos => [qw( cp437 cp865 cp861 cp860 cp863 cp850 cp857 cp852 cp775
86 cp737 cp869 cp866 cp855 cp862 cp864 )],
87 aix => [qw( cp1006 )],
88 win => [qw( cp1252 cp1250 cp1254 cp1257 cp1258 cp1253 cp1251 cp1255 cp1256 cp874 )],
89 mac => [qw( MacRoman MacRomanian MacRumanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman MacTurkish MacIcelandic MacSami
90 MacGreek MacCyrillic MacHebrew MacArabic MacFarsi MacThai )],
93 westeur => [qw( iso-8859-1 iso-8859-15 cp1252 iso-8859-14 cp850 hp-roman8 nextstep MacRoman )],
94 centeur => [qw( iso-8859-2 iso-8859-16 cp1250 cp852 MacRomanian MacCroatian MacCentralEurRoman )], # MacRumanian only for DB
95 turkish => [qw( iso-8859-9 iso-8859-3 cp1254 cp857 MacTurkish )],
96 norteur => [qw( baltic nordic )],
97 baltic => [qw( iso-8859-4 iso-8859-13 cp1257 cp775 )],
98 nordic => [qw( iso-8859-10 cp865 cp861 MacIcelandic MacSami )],
99 cyrillic => [qw( koi8-r koi8-u koi8-f iso-8859-5 cp1251 MacCyrillic cp866 cp855
100 U4 U2DE-2DF UA64-A69 U50-52 )], # MacUkrainian is broken
101 arabic => [qw( iso-8859-6 cp1256 MacArabic cp864 cp1006 MacFarsi
102 U6 U8A-8F+0-31+64 U75-77 )],
103 greek => [qw( iso-8859-7 cp1253 MacGreek cp737 cp869 U37-3F U1F )],
104 hebrew => [qw( iso-8859-8 cp1255 MacHebrew cp862 U59-5F )],
105 thai => [qw( iso-8859-11 cp874 MacThai )],
106 vietnamese => [qw( viscii cp1258 MacVietnamese )],
107 symbol => [qw( symbol dingbats MacDingbats AdobeZdingbat AdobeSymbol )],
122 if (my $follow = $ALIAS->{$input}) {
123 tabinput($_) for ref $follow ? @{$follow} : $follow;
127 state $visible = {}; # all present tables
128 my %row = (offset => 0, cols => 16);
129 my $params = $input =~ s/[+](.*)\z// ? $1 : undef;
131 if (not defined $params) {
133 'cp437' => ['cp850' => 0, 'ascii' => '0-31+128'], # ascii range overridden later
134 'gsm0338' => ['ascii' => '0-127'],
136 'iso-8859-2' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
137 'iso-8859-3' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'], #TODO: also apply to iso-8859-9
138 'iso-8859-4' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
139 'iso-8859-5' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
140 'iso-8859-6' => ['cp1256' => '128', 'iso-8859-1' => '160'],
141 'iso-8859-7' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
142 'iso-8859-8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
143 'iso-8859-9' => ['iso-8859-1' => '208-223+240'],
144 'iso-8859-10' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
145 'iso-8859-11' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
146 'iso-8859-13' => ['iso-8859-4' => '160'],
147 'iso-8859-14' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
148 'iso-8859-15' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160-191'],
149 'iso-8859-16' => ['iso-8859-2' => '160'],
150 'hp-roman8' => ['iso-8859-1' => '160'],
152 'cp1252' => ['iso-8859-1' => '128-159'],
153 'cp1250' => ['iso-8859-2' => '128-191', 'cp1252' => '128'],
154 'cp1254' => ['iso-8859-9' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128-159+208'],
155 'cp874' => ['iso-8859-11' => '128-159', 'cp1252' => '128'], # windows-874 actually cp1162
156 'cp1257' => ['iso-8859-13' => '128-159+255', 'cp1252' => '128'],
157 'cp1251' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
158 'cp1253' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
159 'cp1255' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128-223', 'cp1252' => '128'],
160 'cp1256' => ['cp1252' => '128'],
161 'cp1258' => ['cp1252' => '128-159+192'],
163 'cp850' => ['cp437' => '144'],
164 'cp860' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
165 'cp861' => ['cp865' => '128-175'],
166 'cp863' => ['cp437' => '128-175'],
167 'cp865' => ['cp437' => '144-175'],
168 'cp852' => ['cp850' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'],
169 'cp857' => ['cp850' => '128-175+208-239', 'cp437' => '128'],
170 'cp775' => ['cp850' => '128'], # partial cp437
171 'cp866' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
172 'cp855' => ['cp437' => '128'],
173 'cp1006' => ['iso-8859-6' => '160', 'cp437' => '128'],
174 'cp737' => ['cp437' => '128-175+224'],
175 'cp869' => ['cp437' => '128'],
176 'cp862' => ['cp437' => '128-159'],
177 'cp864' => ['MacArabic' => '128', 'iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp437' => '128'], #TODO: compare form variants
179 'koi8-u' => ['koi8-r' => '144-191'],
180 'koi8-f' => ['koi8-u' => '144-191'],
182 'MacRomanian' => ['MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
183 'MacRumanian' => ['MacRomanian' => '160-191+208-223', 'MacRoman' => '160-191+208-223'],
184 'MacCroatian' => ['MacRoman' => '160'],
185 'MacCentralEurRoman' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
186 'MacIcelandic'=> ['MacRoman' => '160-175+208-239'],
187 'MacTurkish' => ['MacRoman' => '208-223'], # F5 is unassigned
188 'MacSami' => ['MacIcelandic' => '144-191+208-223+240', 'MacRoman' => '144'],
189 'MacGreek' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
190 'MacCyrillic' => ['MacRoman' => '128'],
191 'MacHebrew' => ['iso-8859-8' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128-143+160'], # partial ascii
192 'MacArabic' => ['iso-8859-6' => '128', 'cp864' => '128', 'MacRoman' => '128'], #TODO: multiple parents
193 'MacFarsi' => ['MacArabic' => '176-191', 'MacRoman' => '128'],
195 'cp37' => ['posix-bc' => '0'],
196 'posix-bc' => ['cp1047' => '64'],
197 'cp500' => ['cp37' => '64-95+176-191'],
198 'cp1047' => ['cp37' => '16-47+80-95+160-191'],
199 'cp1026' => ['cp37' => '64'],
200 'cp875' => ['cp37' => '48'],
204 my @parents = @{ $INHERIT->{$input} || [] };
206 if (my ($parent, $part) = pairfirst { defined $visible->{$a} } @parents) {
207 $row{parent} = $parent;
209 $params = 128 unless $visible->{$parent}
210 or ($input eq 'MacCroatian' and defined $visible->{MacRomanian});
212 elsif (defined $visible->{ascii}) {
213 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
214 $params = $parents[1] // 128;
215 $params = 128 if $params >= 128; # ascii offset at most
218 $row{parent} = $parents[0];
219 $params = $parents[1] if $parents[1] == 0; # apply ascii end
221 $visible->{$_} //= 0 for $row{parent} || ();
224 for my $param (split /[+]+/, $params // '') {
225 if ($param eq 'realsize') {
228 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A cols = (\d+) \z }x) {
231 elsif ($param =~ m{ \A (?<offset> \d+) (?: [-] (?<endpoint> \d+) )? \z }x) {
232 if (defined $row{endpoint}) {
233 # extend earlier range
234 my $skip = int(($row{endpoint} || $row{offset}) / $row{cols});
235 for ($skip + 1 .. ($+{offset} / $row{cols}) - 1) {
236 $row{skip}->{ $_ * $row{cols} - $row{offset} }++;
240 $row{offset} = $+{offset};
242 $row{endpoint} = $+{endpoint} || 0;
245 Alert("Unknown option <q>$param</q> for charset $input");
249 if ($input =~ m{ \A u ([0-9a-f]+) (?:-([0-9a-f]+))? \z }ix) {
250 my $start = hex($1) << ($2 ? 4 : 8);
251 my $end = $2 ? (hex($2) << 4) + $row{cols} - 1 : $start + 255;
252 $row{table} = join '', map { chr } $start .. $end;
253 utf8::upgrade($row{table}); # prevent latin1 output
254 $row{endpoint} = $end - $start;
255 $row{set} = sprintf 'Unicode block U+%02Xxx', $start >> 8;
256 $row{offset} = $start % 256;
258 elsif (lc $input eq 'uu') {
259 $row{set} = 'Unicode planes';
260 $row{cell} = do 'charset-ucplanes.inc.pl'
261 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
262 $row{endpoint} = 1023 * $row{cell}->{colsize};
264 elsif (lc $input eq 'u') {
265 $row{cell} = do 'charset-unicode.inc.pl'
266 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
268 $row{endpoint} ||= 8191;
269 $row{endpoint} *= $row{cell}->{colsize};
270 $row{startpoint} = $row{cell}->{colsize} * $row{offset};
272 $row{set} = 'Unicode ' . (
273 $row{startpoint} < 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x10000 ? 'BMP' :
274 $row{startpoint} >= 0x10000 && $row{endpoint} < 0x20000 ? 'SMP' :
278 elsif ($input =~ m/^utf-*8$/i) {
280 $row{cell} = do 'charset-utf8.inc.pl'
281 or Alert('Table data could not be read', $@ || $!);
282 $row{endpoint} = 255;
284 elsif ($row{set} = Encode::resolve_alias($input)) {
285 $row{endpoint} ||= 255;
286 if ($row{set} eq 'MacHebrew' or $row{set} eq 'MacThai') {
287 # array of possibly multiple characters per code point
289 map { Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $_) } $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint}
293 # ~16x faster than decoding in loop;
294 # substr strings is twice as fast as splitting to an array
295 $row{table} = Encode::decode($row{set}, pack 'C*', $row{offset} .. $row{endpoint});
297 $row{endpoint} -= $row{offset};
299 if ($row{set} eq 'cp437') {
300 for my $phipos (237 - $row{offset}) {
301 next if $phipos < 0 or $phipos > $row{endpoint};
303 substr($row{table}, $phipos, 1) = pack 'U*', 0x3D5;
305 if ($row{offset} == 0) {
306 # replace control characters by visible variants
307 substr($row{table}, 0, 32) = pack 'U*', map {hex} qw(
308 2007 263A 263B 2665 2666 2663 2660 2022
309 25D8 25CB 25D9 2642 2640 266A 266B 263C
310 25BA 25C4 2195 203C 00B6 00A7 25AC 21A8
311 2191 2193 2192 2190 221F 2194 25B2 25BC
316 $visible->{ascii} = # assume common base
317 $visible->{ $row{set} } = 1;
320 Alert("Encoding <q>$input</q> unknown");
323 push @request, \%row;
325 tabinput($_) for @tablist;
327 my $NOCHAR = chr 0xFFFD;
330 my ($info, $offset) = @_;
331 my $table = $info->{cell} or return;
332 my $def = $table->{$offset} or return;
333 my ($len, $class, $name, $title) = @{$def};
335 my $cols = $info->{cols};
336 my $colsize = $table->{colsize} || 1;
339 $name //= $len <= 2 ? 'res' : 'reserved';
341 if (my $part = $offset/$colsize % $cols) {
343 my $rest = $cols - $part; # remaining
344 $rest = $len if $len < $rest; #TODO: optimise
346 # continued on new row
347 my @next = ($len * $colsize, "$class joinu");
350 push @next, $name, $title;
355 # minority on next row
356 push @next, '"', $title || $name;
358 $table->{$offset + $colsize*$rest} //= \@next;
363 elsif (my $rows = int($len / $cols)) {
365 my $rowsize = $colsize * $cols;
366 if ($len -= $rows * $cols) {
367 # partial row remains
368 $table->{$offset + $rowsize * $rows} //= [$len*$colsize, "$class joinu", '', $title];
372 unless ($info->{realsize}) {
373 # coalesce multiple rows
375 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize}++;
379 $info->{skip}->{$offset += $rowsize} = 0;
383 $attr .= sprintf ' rowspan=%d', $rows;
387 $attr .= sprintf ' colspan=%d', $len unless $len == 1;
388 $attr .= $1 if $class and $class =~ s/( \w+="[^"]*")//;
389 $attr .= sprintf ' class="%s"', $class if $class;
390 $attr .= sprintf ' title="%s"', EscapeHTML($title) if $title;
391 return "<td$attr>$name\n";
394 for my $row (@request) {
395 my $cols = $row->{cols};
396 my $colsize = $row->{cell} && $row->{cell}->{colsize} || 1;
397 my $coldigits = ceil(log($colsize * $cols) / log(16)); # uniform length of hexadecimal header
398 my $rowdiv = 16 ** $coldigits; # row divide for column digits
399 $rowdiv = 1 if $rowdiv != $cols * $colsize; # divide only if all columns are matched
400 my $offset = $row->{startpoint} || 0;
402 printf '<div class="section"><table class="glyphs%s">', !$row->{cell} && ' charmap';
403 my $title = $row->{set};
404 $title .= " <aside>(over $_)</aside>"
405 for grep { $_ ne 'iso-8859-1' } $row->{parent} // ();
406 printf '<caption>%s</caption>', $title;
407 print '<col>' x ($cols + 1);
408 for my $section (qw{thead}) {
409 print "<$section><tr><th>", $rowdiv == 1 ? '+' : '↱';
410 printf '<th>%0*X', $coldigits, $_ * $colsize for 0 .. $cols - 1;
414 while ($offset < $row->{endpoint}) {
415 if ($row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
416 $offset += $cols * $colsize;
421 if (defined $row->{skip}->{$offset}) {
425 if (my $rowmod = $offset % $rowdiv) {
426 # offset in column units
427 printf '<small>+%X</small>', $rowmod;
431 printf '%X', ($offset + $row->{offset}) / $rowdiv;
438 print range_cell($row, $offset);
442 my $cp = $offset + $row->{offset};
443 my $glyph = ref $row->{table} eq 'ARRAY' ? $row->{table}->[$offset] :
444 substr $row->{table}, $offset, 1;
445 my ($cell, $name, $class) = $glyph eq $NOCHAR ? () :
446 $glyphs->glyph_html($glyph);
448 if (exists $get{compare}) {
451 $cp == ord $glyph ? 'l4' :
452 $row->{parent} && $glyph eq
453 Encode::decode($row->{parent}, pack 'C', $cp) ? 'l3' :
455 $visible->{$glyph} ? 'l2' :
458 $visible->{$glyph}++;
461 say sprintf $class ? '<td title="%s" class="X %s">%s' : '<td title="%s">',
462 $name, $class, $cell;
468 say '</table></div>';
475 <table class="glyphs"><tr><: if (exists $get{compare}) { :>
476 <td class="X l4">unicode
477 <td class="X l3">inherited
478 <td class="X l2">existing
479 <td class="X l1">original
480 <td class="">unassigned
482 <td class="X Cc">control
483 <td class="X Zs"><span>whitespace</span>
484 <td class="X Mn">diacritic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
485 <td class="X Sk">letter
487 <td class="X Po">punctuation<table class="glyphs"><tr>
488 <td class="X Pf">quote
490 <td class="X So">symbol<table class="glyphs"><tr>
491 <td class="X Sm">math
492 <td class="X Sc">currency
494 <td class="X No">numeric
495 <td class="X Greek">greek<table class="glyphs"><tr>
496 <td class="X Latin">latin
497 <td class="X Cyrillic">cyrillic
499 <td class="X Aramaic">aramaic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
500 <td class="X Brahmic">brahmic
501 <td class="X Arabic">arabic
503 <td class="X Syllabic">syllabic<table class="glyphs"><tr>
504 <td class="X African">african
505 <td class="X Hiragana">japanese
506 <td class="X Han">cjk
507 <td class="X Bopomofo">chinese
509 <td class="X Alpha">alphabetic
512 <table class="glyphs"><tr>
513 <td class="X">unicode 7.0
514 <td class="X Xr">proposed
515 <td class="X Xd">deprecated
516 <td class="">unassigned
517 <td class="X Xi">invalid