11 use File::Basename ();
17 our $VERSION = '3.15';
19 # subs in this package:
20 # sendheaders Send headers
21 # source($path, $level, $linespec) Read and parse .plp files
22 # error($error, $type) Handle errors
23 # _default_error($plain, $html) Default error handler
24 # clean Reset variables
25 # cgi_init Initialization for CGI
26 # mod_perl_init($r) Initialization for mod_perl
27 # start Start the initialized PLP script
28 # everything Do everything: CGI
29 # handler($r) Do everything: mod_perl
32 # Sends the headers waiting in %PLP::Script::header
35 print STDOUT "Content-Type: text/plain\n\n" if $PLP::DEBUG & 2;
36 print STDOUT map("$_: $PLP::Script::header{$_}\n", keys %PLP::Script::header), "\n";
40 my %cached; # Conceal cached sources: ( path => [ [ deps ], source, -M ] )
42 # Given a filename and optional level (level should be 0 if the caller isn't
43 # source() itself), and optional linespec (used by PLP::Functions::Include),
44 # this function parses a PLP file and returns Perl code, ready to be eval'ed
46 my ($file, $level, $linespec, $path) = @_;
47 # $file is displayed, $path is used. $path is constructed from $file if
49 $level = 0 if not defined $level;
50 $linespec = '1' if not defined $linespec;
55 ? qq{\cQ; die qq[Include recursion detected]; print q\cQ}
56 : qq{\n#line $linespec\ndie qq[Include recursion detected];};
59 our ($inA, $inB, $use_cache);
60 $path ||= File::Spec->rel2abs($file);
62 my $source_start = $level
63 ? qq/\cQ;\n#line 1 "$file"\nprint q\cQ/
64 : qq/\n#line 1 "$file"\nprint q\cQ/;
66 if ($use_cache and exists $cached{$path}) {
68 my @checkstack = ($path);
71 while (defined(my $item = shift @checkstack)) {
72 next if $checked{$item};
73 last BREAKOUT if $cached{$item}[2] > -M $item;
75 push @checkstack, @{ $cached{$item}[0] }
76 if @{ $cached{$item}[0] };
79 ? $source_start . $cached{$path}[1]
80 : $source_start . $cached{$path}[1] . "\cQ";
84 $cached{$path} = [ [ ], undef, undef ] if $use_cache;
90 open SOURCE, '<', $path or return $level
91 ? qq{\cQ; die qq[Can't open "\Q$path\E" (\Q$!\E)]; print q\cQ}
92 : qq{\n#line $linespec\ndie qq[Can't open "\Q$path\E" (\Q$!\E)];};
95 while (defined (my $line = <SOURCE>)) {
99 \G # Begin where left off
101 | <:=? | :> # PLP tags <:= ... :> <: ... :>
102 | <\(.*?\)> # Include tags <(...)>
103 | <[^:(][^<:]* # Normal text
104 | :[^>][^<:]* # Normal text
105 | [^<:]* # Normal text
108 next LINE unless length $1;
110 if ($part eq '<:=' and not $inA || $inB) {
113 } elsif ($part eq '<:' and not $inA || $inB) {
116 } elsif ($part eq ':>' and $inA) {
119 } elsif ($part eq ':>' and $inB) {
121 $source .= "; print q\cQ";
122 } elsif ($part =~ /^<\((.*?)\)>\z/ and not $inA || $inB) {
123 my $ipath = File::Spec->rel2abs($1);
124 $source .= source($1, $level + 1, undef, $ipath) .
125 qq/\cQ, \n#line $linenr "$file"\nq\cQ/;
126 push @{ $cached{$path}[0] }, $ipath;
128 $part =~ s/\\/\\\\/ if not $inA || $inB;
135 $cached{$path}[1] = $source;
136 $cached{$path}[2] = -M $path;
140 ? $source_start . $source
141 : $source_start . $source . "\cQ";
145 # Handles errors, uses subref $PLP::ERROR (default: \&_default_error)
147 my ($error, $type) = @_;
148 if (not defined $type or $type < 100) {
149 return undef unless $PLP::DEBUG & 1;
151 (my $html = $plain) =~ s/([<&>])/'&#' . ord($1) . ';'/ge;
152 PLP::sendheaders unless $PLP::sentheaders;
153 $PLP::ERROR->($plain, $html);
156 my ($short, $long) = @{
160 "The requested URL $ENV{REQUEST_URI} was not found on this server."
164 "You don't have permission to access $ENV{REQUEST_URI} on this server."
168 print "Status: $type\nContent-Type: text/html\n\n",
169 qq{<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">\n},
170 "<html><head>\n<title>--$type $short</title>\n</head></body>\n",
171 "<h1>$short</h1>\n$long<p>\n<hr>\n$ENV{SERVER_SIGNATURE}</body></html>";
175 # This gets referenced as the initial $PLP::ERROR
177 my ($plain, $html) = @_;
178 print qq{<table border=1 class="PLPerror"><tr><td>},
179 qq{<span><b>Debug information:</b><BR>$html</td></tr></table>};
182 # This cleans up from previous requests, and sets the default $PLP::DEBUG
186 $PLP::sentheaders = 0;
190 delete @ENV{ grep /^PLP_/, keys %ENV };
193 # The *_init subs do the following:
194 # o Set $PLP::code to the initial code
195 # o Set $ENV{PLP_*} and makes PATH_INFO if needed
198 # CGI initializer: parses PATH_TRANSLATED
200 my $path = $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED};
201 $ENV{PLP_NAME} = $ENV{PATH_INFO};
203 while (not -f $path) {
204 if (not $path =~ s/(\/+[^\/]*)$//) {
205 print STDERR "PLP: Not found: $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED} ($ENV{REQUEST_URI})\n";
206 PLP::error(undef, 404);
210 $ENV{PLP_NAME} =~ s/\Q$pi\E$//;
211 $path_info = $pi . $path_info;
215 print STDERR "PLP: Can't read: $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED} ($ENV{REQUEST_URI})\n";
216 PLP::error(undef, 403);
221 qw(PATH_TRANSLATED SCRIPT_NAME SCRIPT_FILENAME PATH_INFO),
222 grep { /^REDIRECT_/ } keys %ENV
225 $ENV{PATH_INFO} = $path_info if defined $path_info;
226 $ENV{PLP_FILENAME} = $path;
227 my ($file, $dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($path);
230 $PLP::code = PLP::source($file, 0, undef, $path);
233 # mod_perl initializer: returns 0 on success, Apache error code on failure
237 $ENV{PLP_FILENAME} = my $filename = $r->filename;
239 unless (-f $filename) {
240 return Apache::Constants::NOT_FOUND();
243 return Apache::Constants::FORBIDDEN();
246 $ENV{PLP_NAME} = $r->uri;
248 our $use_cache = $r->dir_config('PLPcache') !~ /^off$/i;
249 our $use_safe = $r->dir_config('PLPsafe') =~ /^on$/i;
250 my $path = $r->filename();
251 my ($file, $dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($path);
254 $PLP::code = PLP::source($file, 0, undef, $path);
259 # For PLPsafe scripts
262 $r->send_http_header('text/plain');
264 unless ($PLP::safe) {
265 $PLP::safe = Safe->new('PLP::Script');
266 for ( map split, $r->dir_config->get('PLPsafe_module') ) {
267 $PLP::safe->share('*' . $_ . '::');
271 $PLP::safe->permit(Opcode::full_opset());
272 $PLP::safe->deny(Opcode::opset(':dangerous'));
274 $PLP::safe->reval($code);
277 # Let the games begin!
278 # No lexicals may exist at this point.
282 tie *PLPOUT, 'PLP::Tie::Print';
284 $PLP::ERROR = \&_default_error;
289 use vars qw(%headers %header %cookies %cookie %get %post %fields);
292 PLP::Functions->import();
293 # No lexicals may exist at this point.
295 if ($PLP::use_safe) {
296 PLP::safe_eval($r, $PLP::code);
298 eval qq{ package PLP::Script; $PLP::code; };
300 PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/;
301 if ($PLP::use_safe) {
302 PLP::safe_eval($r, '$_->() for reverse @PLP::END');
304 eval { package PLP::Script; $_->() for reverse @PLP::END };
306 PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/;
308 PLP::sendheaders() unless $PLP::sentheaders;
310 undef *{"PLP::Script::$_"} for keys %PLP::Script::;
311 # Symbol::delete_package('PLP::Script');
312 # The above does not work. TODO - find out why not.
315 # This is run by the CGI script. (#!perl \n use PLP; PLP::everything;)
322 # This is the mod_perl handler.
324 require Apache::Constants;
326 if (my $ret = mod_perl_init($_[0])) {
331 return Apache::Constants::OK();
338 PLP - Perl in HTML pages
342 =head2 mod_perl installation
346 =item * httpd.conf (for mod_perl setup)
349 SetHandler perl-script
352 PerlSetVar PLPcache On
355 # Who said CGI was easier to set up? :)
359 =head2 CGI installation
363 =item * /foo/bar/plp.cgi (local filesystem address)
369 =item * httpd.conf (for CGI setup)
371 ScriptAlias /foo/bar/ /PLP_COMMON/
372 <Directory /foo/bar/>
378 AddHandler plp-document plp
379 Action plp-document /PLP_COMMON/plp.cgi
383 =head2 Test script (test.plp)
387 print "Hurrah, it works!<br>" for 1..10;
393 PLP is yet another Perl embedder, primarily for HTML documents. Unlike with
394 other Perl embedders, there is no need to learn a meta-syntax or object
395 model: one can just use the normal Perl constructs. PLP runs under mod_perl
396 for speeds comparable to those of PHP, but can also be run as a CGI script.
402 =item C<< <: perl_code(); :> >>
404 With C<< <: >> and C<< :> >>, you can add Perl code to your document. This is
405 what PLP is all about. All code outside of these tags is printed. It is
406 possible to mix perl language constructs with normal HTML parts of the document:
408 <: unless ($ENV{REMOTE_USER}) { :>
409 You are not logged in.
412 C<< :> >> always stops a code block, even when it is found in a string literal.
414 =item C<< <:= $expression :> >>
416 Includes a dynamic expression in your document. The expression is evaluated in
417 list context. Please note that the expression should not end a statement: avoid
418 semi-colons. No whitespace may be between C<< <: >> and the equal sign.
420 C<< foo <:= $bar :> $baz >> is like C<< <: print 'foo ', $bar, ' baz'; :> >>.
422 =item C<< <(filename)> >>
424 Includes another file before the PLP code is executed. The file is included
425 literally, so it shares lexical variables. Because this is a compile-time tag,
426 it's fast, but you can't use a variable as the filename. You can create
427 recursive includes, so beware! (PLP will catch simple recursion: the maximum
428 depth is 128.) Whitespace in the filename is not ignored so C<< <( foo.txt)> >>
429 includes the file named C< foo.txt>, including the space in its name. A
430 compile-time alternative is include(), which is described in L<PLP::Functions>.
436 These are described in L<PLP::Functions>.
444 The URI of the PLP document, without the query string. (Example: C</foo.plp>)
446 =item $ENV{PLP_FILENAME}
448 The filename of the PLP document. (Example: C</var/www/index.plp>)
456 Controls debugging output, and should be treated as a bitmask. The least
457 significant bit (1) controls if run-time error messages are reported to the
458 browser, the second bit (2) controls if headers are sent twice, so they get
459 displayed in the browser. A value of 3 means both features are enabled. The
464 Contains a reference to the code that is used to report run-time errors. You
465 can override this to have it in your own design, and you could even make it
466 report errors by e-mail. The sub reference gets two arguments: the error message
467 as plain text and the error message with special characters encoded with HTML
470 =item %header, %cookie, %get, %post, %fields
472 These are described in L<PLP::Fields>.
476 =head2 (mod_perl only) PerlSetVar configuration directives
482 Sets caching B<On>/B<Off>. When caching, PLP saves your script in memory and
483 doesn't re-read and re-parse it if it hasn't changed. PLP will use more memory,
484 but will also run 50% faster.
486 B<On> is default, anything that isn't =~ /^off$/i is considered On.
490 =head2 Things that you should know about
492 Not only syntax is important, you should also be aware of some other important
493 features. Your script runs inside the package C<PLP::Script> and shouldn't
494 leave it. This is because when your script ends, all global variables in the
495 C<PLP::Script> package are destroyed, which is very important if you run under
496 mod_perl (they would retain their values if they weren't explicitly destroyed).
498 Until your first output, you are printing to a tied filehandle C<PLPOUT>. On
499 first output, headers are sent to the browser and C<STDOUT> is selected for
500 efficiency. To set headers, you must assign to C<$header{ $header_name}> before
501 any output. This means the opening C<< <: >> have to be the first characters in
502 your document, without any whitespace in front of them. If you start output and
503 try to set headers later, an error message will appear telling you on which
504 line your output started. An alternative way of setting headers is using Perl's
505 BEGIN blocks. BEGIN blocks are executed as soon as possible, before anything
508 Because the interpreter that mod_perl uses never ends, C<END { }> blocks won't
509 work properly. You should use C<PLP_END { };> instead. Note that this is a not
510 a built-in construct, so it needs proper termination with a semi-colon (as do
513 Under mod_perl, modules are loaded only once. A good modular design can improve
514 performance because of this, but you will have to B<reload> the modules
515 yourself when there are newer versions.
517 The special hashes are tied hashes and do not always behave the way you expect,
518 especially when mixed with modules that expect normal CGI environments, like
519 CGI.pm. Read L<PLP::Fields> for information more about this.
523 A lot of questions are asked often, so before asking yours, please read the
524 FAQ at L<PLP::FAQ>. Some examples can be found at L<PLP::HowTo>.
528 No warranty, no guarantees. Use PLP at your own risk, as I disclaim all
533 Juerd Waalboer <juerd@cpan.org>
537 L<PLP::Functions>, L<PLP::Fields>, L<PLP::FAQ>, L<PLP::HowTo>