11 use File::Basename ();
17 our $VERSION = '3.15';
19 # subs in this package:
20 # sendheaders Send headers
21 # source($path, $level, $linespec) Read and parse .plp files
22 # error($error, $type) Handle errors
23 # _default_error($plain, $html) Default error handler
24 # clean Reset variables
25 # cgi_init Initialization for CGI
26 # mod_perl_init($r) Initialization for mod_perl
27 # start Start the initialized PLP script
28 # everything Do everything: CGI
29 # handler($r) Do everything: mod_perl
32 # Sends the headers waiting in %PLP::Script::header
35 print STDOUT "Content-Type: text/plain\n\n" if $PLP::DEBUG & 2;
36 print STDOUT map("$_: $PLP::Script::header{$_}\n", keys %PLP::Script::header), "\n";
40 my %cached; # Conceal cached sources: ( path => [ [ deps ], source, -M ] )
42 # Given a filename and optional level (level should be 0 if the caller isn't
43 # source() itself), and optional linespec (used by PLP::Functions::Include),
44 # this function parses a PLP file and returns Perl code, ready to be eval'ed
46 my ($file, $level, $linespec, $path) = @_;
47 # $file is displayed, $path is used. $path is constructed from $file if
49 $level = 0 if not defined $level;
50 $linespec = '1' if not defined $linespec;
55 ? qq{\cQ; die qq[Include recursion detected]; print q\cQ}
56 : qq{\n#line $linespec\ndie qq[Include recursion detected];};
59 our ($inA, $inB, $use_cache);
60 $path ||= File::Spec->rel2abs($file);
62 my $source_start = $level
63 ? qq/\cQ;\n#line 1 "$file"\nprint q\cQ/
64 : qq/\n#line 1 "$file"\nprint q\cQ/;
66 if ($use_cache and exists $cached{$path}) {
68 my @checkstack = ($path);
71 while (defined(my $item = shift @checkstack)) {
72 next if $checked{$item};
73 last BREAKOUT if $cached{$item}[2] > -M $item;
75 push @checkstack, @{ $cached{$item}[0] }
76 if @{ $cached{$item}[0] };
79 ? $source_start . $cached{$path}[1]
80 : $source_start . $cached{$path}[1] . "\cQ";
84 $cached{$path} = [ [ ], undef, undef ] if $use_cache;
90 open SOURCE, '<', $path or return $level
91 ? qq{\cQ; die qq[Can't open "\Q$path\E" (\Q$!\E)]; print q\cQ}
92 : qq{\n#line $linespec\ndie qq[Can't open "\Q$path\E" (\Q$!\E)];};
95 while (defined (my $line = <SOURCE>)) {
99 \G # Begin where left off
101 | <:=? | :> # PLP tags <:= ... :> <: ... :>
102 | <\(.*?\)> # Include tags <(...)>
103 | <[^:(][^<:]* # Normal text
104 | :[^>][^<:]* # Normal text
105 | [^<:]* # Normal text
108 next LINE unless length $1;
110 if ($part eq '<:=' and not $inA || $inB) {
113 } elsif ($part eq '<:' and not $inA || $inB) {
116 } elsif ($part eq ':>' and $inA) {
119 } elsif ($part eq ':>' and $inB) {
121 $source .= "; print q\cQ";
122 } elsif ($part =~ /^<\((.*?)\)>\z/ and not $inA || $inB) {
123 my $ipath = File::Spec->rel2abs($1);
124 $source .= source($1, $level + 1, undef, $ipath) .
125 qq/\cQ, \n#line $linenr "$file"\nq\cQ/;
126 push @{ $cached{$path}[0] }, $ipath;
128 $part =~ s/\\/\\\\/ if not $inA || $inB;
135 $cached{$path}[1] = $source;
136 $cached{$path}[2] = -M $path;
140 ? $source_start . $source
141 : $source_start . $source . "\cQ";
145 # Handles errors, uses subref $PLP::ERROR (default: \&_default_error)
147 my ($error, $type) = @_;
148 if (not defined $type or $type < 100) {
149 return undef unless $PLP::DEBUG & 1;
151 (my $html = $plain) =~ s/([<&>])/'&#' . ord($1) . ';'/ge;
152 PLP::sendheaders unless $PLP::sentheaders;
153 $PLP::ERROR->($plain, $html);
156 my ($short, $long) = @{
160 "The requested URL $ENV{REQUEST_URI} was not found on this server."
164 "You don't have permission to access $ENV{REQUEST_URI} on this server."
168 print "Status: $type\nContent-Type: text/html\n\n",
169 qq{<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">\n},
170 "<html><head>\n<title>--$type $short</title>\n</head></body>\n",
171 "<h1>$short</h1>\n$long<p>\n<hr>\n$ENV{SERVER_SIGNATURE}</body></html>";
175 # This gets referenced as the initial $PLP::ERROR
177 my ($plain, $html) = @_;
178 print qq{<table border=1 class="PLPerror"><tr><td>},
179 qq{<span><b>Debug information:</b><BR>$html</td></tr></table>};
182 # This cleans up from previous requests, and sets the default $PLP::DEBUG
186 $PLP::sentheaders = 0;
190 delete @ENV{ grep /^PLP_/, keys %ENV };
193 # The *_init subs do the following:
194 # o Set $PLP::code to the initial code
195 # o Set $ENV{PLP_*} and makes PATH_INFO if needed
198 # CGI initializer: parses PATH_TRANSLATED
200 my $path = $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED};
201 $ENV{PLP_NAME} = $ENV{PATH_INFO};
203 while (not -f $path) {
204 if (not $path =~ s/(\/+[^\/]*)$//) {
205 print STDERR "PLP: Not found: $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED} ($ENV{REQUEST_URI})\n";
206 PLP::error(undef, 404);
210 $ENV{PLP_NAME} =~ s/\Q$pi\E$//;
211 $path_info = $pi . $path_info;
215 print STDERR "PLP: Can't read: $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED} ($ENV{REQUEST_URI})\n";
216 PLP::error(undef, 403);
221 qw(PATH_TRANSLATED SCRIPT_NAME SCRIPT_FILENAME PATH_INFO),
222 grep { /^REDIRECT_/ } keys %ENV
225 $ENV{PATH_INFO} = $path_info if defined $path_info;
226 $ENV{PLP_FILENAME} = $path;
227 my ($file, $dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($path);
230 $PLP::code = PLP::source($file, 0, undef, $path);
233 # mod_perl initializer: returns 0 on success, Apache error code on failure
237 $ENV{PLP_FILENAME} = my $filename = $r->filename;
239 unless (-f $filename) {
240 return Apache::Constants::NOT_FOUND();
243 return Apache::Constants::FORBIDDEN();
246 $ENV{PLP_NAME} = $r->uri;
248 our $use_cache = $r->dir_config('PLPcache') !~ /^off$/i;
249 my $path = $r->filename();
250 my ($file, $dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($path);
253 $PLP::code = PLP::source($file, 0, undef, $path);
258 # Let the games begin!
259 # No lexicals may exist at this point.
262 tie *PLPOUT, 'PLP::Tie::Print';
264 $PLP::ERROR = \&_default_error;
269 use vars qw(%headers %header %cookies %cookie %get %post %fields);
272 PLP::Functions->import();
273 # No lexicals may exist at this point.
274 eval qq{ package PLP::Script; $PLP::code; };
275 PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/;
276 eval { package PLP::Script; $_->() for reverse @PLP::END };
277 PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/;
279 PLP::sendheaders() unless $PLP::sentheaders;
281 undef *{"PLP::Script::$_"} for keys %PLP::Script::;
282 # Symbol::delete_package('PLP::Script');
283 # The above does not work. TODO - find out why not.
286 # This is run by the CGI script. (#!perl \n use PLP; PLP::everything;)
293 # This is the mod_perl handler.
295 require Apache::Constants;
297 if (my $ret = mod_perl_init(shift)) {
302 return Apache::Constants::OK();
309 PLP - Perl in HTML pages
313 =head2 mod_perl installation
317 =item * httpd.conf (for mod_perl setup)
320 SetHandler perl-script
323 PerlSetVar PLPcache On
326 # Who said CGI was easier to set up? :)
330 =head2 CGI installation
334 =item * /foo/bar/plp.cgi (local filesystem address)
340 =item * httpd.conf (for CGI setup)
342 ScriptAlias /foo/bar/ /PLP_COMMON/
343 <Directory /foo/bar/>
349 AddHandler plp-document plp
350 Action plp-document /PLP_COMMON/plp.cgi
354 =head2 Test script (test.plp)
358 print "Hurrah, it works!<br>" for 1..10;
364 PLP is yet another Perl embedder, primarily for HTML documents. Unlike with
365 other Perl embedders, there is no need to learn a meta-syntax or object
366 model: one can just use the normal Perl constructs. PLP runs under mod_perl
367 for speeds comparable to those of PHP, but can also be run as a CGI script.
373 =item C<< <: perl_code(); :> >>
375 With C<< <: >> and C<< :> >>, you can add Perl code to your document. This is
376 what PLP is all about. All code outside of these tags is printed. It is
377 possible to mix perl language constructs with normal HTML parts of the document:
379 <: unless ($ENV{REMOTE_USER}) { :>
380 You are not logged in.
383 C<< :> >> always stops a code block, even when it is found in a string literal.
385 =item C<< <:= $expression :> >>
387 Includes a dynamic expression in your document. The expression is evaluated in
388 list context. Please note that the expression should not end a statement: avoid
389 semi-colons. No whitespace may be between C<< <: >> and the equal sign.
391 C<< foo <:= $bar :> $baz >> is like C<< <: print 'foo ', $bar, ' baz'; :> >>.
393 =item C<< <(filename)> >>
395 Includes another file before the PLP code is executed. The file is included
396 literally, so it shares lexical variables. Because this is a compile-time tag,
397 it's fast, but you can't use a variable as the filename. You can create
398 recursive includes, so beware! (PLP will catch simple recursion: the maximum
399 depth is 128.) Whitespace in the filename is not ignored so C<< <( foo.txt)> >>
400 includes the file named C< foo.txt>, including the space in its name. A
401 compile-time alternative is include(), which is described in L<PLP::Functions>.
407 These are described in L<PLP::Functions>.
415 The URI of the PLP document, without the query string. (Example: C</foo.plp>)
417 =item $ENV{PLP_FILENAME}
419 The filename of the PLP document. (Example: C</var/www/index.plp>)
427 Controls debugging output, and should be treated as a bitmask. The least
428 significant bit (1) controls if run-time error messages are reported to the
429 browser, the second bit (2) controls if headers are sent twice, so they get
430 displayed in the browser. A value of 3 means both features are enabled. The
435 Contains a reference to the code that is used to report run-time errors. You
436 can override this to have it in your own design, and you could even make it
437 report errors by e-mail. The sub reference gets two arguments: the error message
438 as plain text and the error message with special characters encoded with HTML
441 =item %header, %cookie, %get, %post, %fields
443 These are described in L<PLP::Fields>.
447 =head2 (mod_perl only) PerlSetVar configuration directives
453 Sets caching B<On>/B<Off>. When caching, PLP saves your script in memory and
454 doesn't re-read and re-parse it if it hasn't changed. PLP will use more memory,
455 but will also run 50% faster.
457 B<On> is default, anything that isn't =~ /^off$/i is considered On.
461 =head2 Things that you should know about
463 Not only syntax is important, you should also be aware of some other important
464 features. Your script runs inside the package C<PLP::Script> and shouldn't
465 leave it. This is because when your script ends, all global variables in the
466 C<PLP::Script> package are destroyed, which is very important if you run under
467 mod_perl (they would retain their values if they weren't explicitly destroyed).
469 Until your first output, you are printing to a tied filehandle C<PLPOUT>. On
470 first output, headers are sent to the browser and C<STDOUT> is selected for
471 efficiency. To set headers, you must assign to C<$header{ $header_name}> before
472 any output. This means the opening C<< <: >> have to be the first characters in
473 your document, without any whitespace in front of them. If you start output and
474 try to set headers later, an error message will appear telling you on which
475 line your output started. An alternative way of setting headers is using Perl's
476 BEGIN blocks. BEGIN blocks are executed as soon as possible, before anything
479 Because the interpreter that mod_perl uses never ends, C<END { }> blocks won't
480 work properly. You should use C<PLP_END { };> instead. Note that this is a not
481 a built-in construct, so it needs proper termination with a semi-colon (as do
484 Under mod_perl, modules are loaded only once. A good modular design can improve
485 performance because of this, but you will have to B<reload> the modules
486 yourself when there are newer versions.
488 The special hashes are tied hashes and do not always behave the way you expect,
489 especially when mixed with modules that expect normal CGI environments, like
490 CGI.pm. Read L<PLP::Fields> for information more about this.
494 A lot of questions are asked often, so before asking yours, please read the
495 FAQ at L<PLP::FAQ>. Some examples can be found at L<PLP::HowTo>.
499 No warranty, no guarantees. Use PLP at your own risk, as I disclaim all
504 Juerd Waalboer <juerd@cpan.org>
508 L<PLP::Functions>, L<PLP::Fields>, L<PLP::FAQ>, L<PLP::HowTo>