name => '<abbr title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</abbr>',
available => 1992,
},
+ gif => {
+ name => '<abbr title="Graphics Interchange Format">GIF</abbr>',
+ available => 1987,
+ },
png => {
name => '<abbr title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</abbr>',
available => 1996,
name => 'JPEG XL',
available => 2021,
},
+ pnm => {
+ name => '<abbr title="Portable aNyMap">PNM</abbr>',
+ available => 1988,
+ },
},
feature => {
default => {
- children => [qw( quality_photo quality_art speed limits features royalties )],
+ children => [qw( quality_photo quality_art speed limits features royalties overhead support )],
},
quality_photo => {
name => 'compression (photo)',
score => {
jpeg => 3,
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 1,
png => 1,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 3,
name => 'thumbnails',
score => {
jpeg => 2,
+ pnm => 1,
+ gif => 1,
png => 1,
jp2k => 3,
webp => 4,
name => 'medium fidelity',
score => {
jpeg => 3,
+ pnm => 1,
+ gif => 1,
png => 1,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 3,
name => 'high fidelity',
score => {
jpeg => 3,
+ pnm => 1,
+ gif => 1,
png => 2,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 2,
name => 'lossless',
score => {
jpeg => 1,
+ pnm => 1,
+ gif => 1,
png => 2,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 3,
name => 'compression (other images)',
score => {
jpeg => 2,
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 1,
png => 3,
jp2k => 2,
webp => 4,
name => 'lossy non-photographic',
score => {
jpeg => 2,
+ pnm => 1,
+ gif => 2,
png => 3,
jp2k => 2,
webp => 4,
name => 'lossless non-photographic',
score => {
jpeg => 1,
+ pnm => 1,
+ gif => 1,
png => 4,
jp2k => 2,
webp => 5,
name => 'mixed photo/nonphoto',
score => {
jpeg => 2,
+ pnm => 1,
+ gif => 1,
png => 2,
jp2k => 2,
webp => 3,
speed => {
score => {
jpeg => 5,
+ pnm => 5,
+ gif => 4,
png => 4,
jp2k => 3,
webp => 4,
name => 'single-core encode',
score => {
jpeg => 5,
+ pnm => 0,
+ gif => 3, # palette conversion
png => 3,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 4,
name => 'single-core decode',
score => {
jpeg => 5,
+ pnm => 0,
+ gif => 5,
png => 5,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 5,
name => 'pararellizable',
score => {
jpeg => 2,
+ pnm => 0,
+ gif => 2,
png => 2,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 2,
limits => {
score => {
jpeg => 3,
+ pnm => 3,
+ gif => 2,
png => 4,
jp2k => 5,
webp => 2,
parent => 'limits',
name => 'maximum image dimensions',
score => {
- jpeg => 3,
- png => 4,
- jp2k => 5,
- webp => 1,
- heic => 2,
- avif => 3,
- jxl => 4,
- },
- data => {
- jpeg => '65k²', # 2**16
- png => '2G²', # 2**31
- jp2k => '4G²', # 2**32
- webp => '16k²', # 2**14
- heic => '8k×4k+', # 8193x4320
- avif => '65k²+', # 2**16, 8193x4320 with profile
- jxl => '1G²', # 2**30
+ jpeg => [3, '65k²'], # 2**16
+ pnm => [5, '∞'],
+ gif => [3, '65k²'], # 2**16
+ png => [4, '2G²'], # 2**31
+ jp2k => [4, '4G²'], # 2**32
+ webp => [1, '16k²'], # 2**14
+ heic => [2,'8k×4k+', 'tilable, only 512×512 on Apple'], # 8193x4320
+ avif => [3, '65k²+', 'tilable, 7680×4320 with Advanced profile'], # 2**16
+ jxl => [4, '1G²'], # 2**30
},
},
max_bitdepth => {
parent => 'limits',
name => 'precision (max. bit depth)',
score => {
- jpeg => 2,
- png => 4,
- jp2k => 5,
- webp => 2,
- heic => 3,
- avif => 3,
- jxl => 5,
- },
- data => {
- jpeg => 8,
- png => 16,
- jp2k => 38,
- webp => 8,
- heic => 10,
- avif => 10,
- jxl => 32,
+ jpeg => [2, 8],
+ pnm => [2, 8, 'unofficial PFM extension for 32-bit'],
+ gif => [1, 8, '256 colour palette per frame'],
+ png => [4, 16],
+ jp2k => [5, 38],
+ webp => [2, 8],
+ heic => [3, 10], #TODO 16?
+ avif => [3, 12, '8, 10, 12 bit'],
+ jxl => [5, 32, '24-bit integer or 32-bit float'],
},
},
color_444 => {
parent => 'limits',
- name => 'can do (lossy) 4:4:4',
+ name => 'chroma subsampling',
score => {
- jpeg => 'y',
- png => 'y',
+ jpeg => ['y', undef, '4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4'],
+ pnm => [4, '✘'],
+ gif => [4, '✘'],
+ png => [4, '✘'],
jp2k => 'y',
- webp => 'n',
- heic => 'n',
- avif => 'y',
- jxl => 'y',
+ webp => [1, '4:2:0'],
+ heic => [1, '4:2:0'],
+ avif => ['y', undef, '4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4'],
+ jxl => ['y', undef, 'for JPEG compatibility'],
},
},
hdr => {
name => 'wide gamut/HDR',
score => {
jpeg => 'n',
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 'n',
png => 'y',
jp2k => 'y',
webp => 'n',
parent => 'limits',
name => 'maximum number of channels',
score => {
- jpeg => 2,
- png => 2,
- jp2k => 5,
- webp => 2,
- heic => 3,
- avif => 3,
- jxl => 4,
- },
- data => {
- jpeg => 4, # cmyk
- png => 4, # cmyk
- jp2k => 2**15,
- webp => 4,
- heic => 5,
- avif => 5,
- jxl => 4099,
+ jpeg => [3, 4, 'RGB or CMYK'],
+ pnm => [3, 3, 'RGB'],
+ gif => [3, 3, 'RGB palette'],
+ png => [3, 4, 'RGBA'],
+ jp2k => [5, 2**15],
+ webp => [3, 4, 'RGBA'],
+ heic => [3, 3, 'RGB, separate alpha and depth'],
+ avif => [3, 3, 'RGB, separate alpha and depth'],
+ jxl => [4, 4099, 'native XYB'],
},
},
features => {
score => {
jpeg => 2,
+ pnm => [2, undef, 'great for simplicity and ASCII storage'],
+ gif => 2,
png => 3,
jp2k => 4,
webp => 2,
parent => 'features',
name => 'supports animation',
score => {
- jpeg => 2,
- png => 4,
- jp2k => 2,
+ jpeg => [2, 'MJPEG'],
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 'y',
+ png => [4, 'APNG', 'later backwards-compatible extension'],
+ jp2k => [2, 'MJP2'],
webp => 'y',
heic => 'y',
avif => 'y',
jxl => 'y',
},
- data => {
- jpeg => 'MJPEG',
- png => 'APNG',
- jp2k => 'MJP2',
- },
},
progressive => {
parent => 'features',
name => 'progressive decoding',
score => {
jpeg => 4,
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 2,
png => 2,
jp2k => 5,
webp => 'n',
name => 'alpha transparency',
score => {
jpeg => 'n',
+ pnm => ['n', undef, 'PAM extension'],
+ gif => [3, '1 bit'],
png => 'y',
jp2k => 'y',
webp => 'y',
name => 'depth map',
score => {
jpeg => 'n',
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 'n',
png => 'n',
jp2k => 'n',
webp => 'n',
name => 'overlays (layers)',
score => {
jpeg => 'n',
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 'y',
png => 'n',
jp2k => 'n',
webp => 'n',
name => 'authoring workflow suitability',
score => {
jpeg => 2,
+ pnm => 2,
+ gif => 2,
png => 3,
jp2k => 3,
webp => 2,
name => 'generation loss resilience',
score => {
jpeg => 4,
- png => 'n/a',
+ pnm => 0,
+ png => 0,
+ gif => 0,
jp2k => 3,
webp => 2,
heic => 3,
avif => 3,
jxl => 4,
},
- data => {
- png => 'n/a',
- },
},
compat_jpeg => {
parent => 'features',
name => 'lossless JPEG recompression',
score => {
jpeg => 0,
+ pnm => 'n',
+ gif => 'n',
png => 'n',
jp2k => 'n',
webp => 'n',
avif => 'n',
jxl => 'y',
},
- data => {
- jpeg => 'n/a',
- },
},
royalties => {
name => 'royalty-free',
score => {
jpeg => 5,
+ pnm => 5,
+ gif => [5, undef, 'patented before 2003'],
png => 5,
- gif => 5, # patents expired
- jp2k => 3, # specs not freely available
- webp => 4, # submarine risk
- heic => 'n', # patents enforced
- avif => 4,
- jxl => 4,
+ jp2k => [3, undef, 'ISO specification not freely available'],
+ webp => [4, undef, 'free format, low remaining risk of patent trolls'],
+ heic => ['n', undef, 'heavily patented'],
+ avif => [4, undef, 'free format, risk of patent trolls'],
+ jxl => [4, undef, 'free format, risk of patent trolls'],
},
children => [],
},
+ support => {
+ score => {
+ jpeg => 5,
+ pnm => [2, undef],
+ gif => 5,
+ png => 5,
+ jp2k => [2, undef, 'Apple only'],
+ webp => [4, undef, 'modern browsers'],
+ heic => [1, undef, 'stored by latest cameras, no browser support'],
+ avif => [3, undef, 'all modern browsers except Safari and Edge'],
+ jxl => [2, undef, 'upcoming in most browsers'],
+ },
+ },
+ overhead => {
+ name => 'container overhead (file size)',
+ score => {
+ png => [3, 67, 'upto 70 bytes for specific RGBA'],
+ jpeg => [2, 160, '159 bytes minimum for gray, 288 for specific colours'],
+ gif => [4, 35, '43 bytes for transparent'],
+ webp => [4, 34, 'black or transparent lossless; 44-92 bytes lossy'],
+ bpg => [4, 31, 'lossy 29-62 bytes, lossless 37-160'],
+ flif => [5, 14, 'black or transparent; 20 bytes for specific RGBA'],
+ pnm => [5, 8, 'monochrome text PBM; 12 bytes PPM; 69 bytes PAM'],
+ jxl => [5, 12, '512×256 black pixels'],
+ avif => [1, 282, 'container overhead; 457 bytes with alpha'],
+ jp2k => [2, 123, 'experimental results, likely not optimal'],
+ heic => [1, 386],
+ },
+ },
},
}