use utf8;
use strict;
+my $wbr = "\N{ZERO WIDTH SPACE}";
+{
v5.004 => {
release => '1997-05-15',
],
modules => [
[bignum => 'transparent big number support', 'length 1e100 == 101'],
- [if => 'conditional module inclusion', 'no if $] >= 5.022, "warnings", "redundant"'],
+ [if => 'conditional module inclusion', 'no if $] >= 5.022, "warnings", "redundant"'],
[sort => 'override sort() algorithm', {dropped => v5.28, eg => 'sort::current eq "stable"'}],
[Digest => 'calculate various message digests (data hashes)', '$hash = sha256_hex($data)'],
[Encode => 'character set conversion', 'encode("utf8", decode("iso-8859-1", $octets))'],
['Memoize' => 'remember function results, trading space for time', 'memoize "stat"'],
['MIME::Base64' => 'base64 encoded strings as in email attachments'],
['Test::More' => 'modern framework for unit testing', 'is $got, $expected'],
- ['Time::HiRes' => 'high resolution timers', '$μs = [gettimeofday]; sleep .1; $elapsed = tv_interval $μs'],
+ ['Time::HiRes' => 'high resolution timers', '$μs = [gettimeofday]; sleep .1;'.$wbr.' $elapsed = tv_interval $μs'],
],
release => '2002-07-18',
distro => {
opensuse => '8.1', # 2002-09 eol (SLES8 2002-10 eol 2007-12 ltss 2009-12)
},
distrosum => "RHEL 3, SLES 8, AIX 5/6 until 2017, Solaris 10 until 2021",
- versum => 'stable minimum during 20[01]\d',
+ versum => 'stable minimum upto 2021',
support => '2021-01', # solaris
unicode => '3.2.0',
},
v5.10 => {
new => [
+ ['<code>use v5.10</code>', 'minimal perl version with bundled features (pragma to lexically enable backwards-incompatible syntax)'],
['<code>//</code>', 'defined-or operator'],
['<code>~~</code>', 'smart-match operator to compare different data types <small>(updated in v5.10.1)</small>', {experimental => 'smartmatch'}],
- ['<code>say</code>', 'print with newline, equivalent to <code>print @_, "\n"</code>', {feature => 'say'}],
- ['<code>given</code>', 'switch statement to smart-match with <code>when</code>/<code>default</code>', {name => 'switch', feature => 'switch', experimental => 'smartmatch'}],
+ ['<code>say</code>', 'print with newline, equivalent to <code>print @_, "\n"</code>', {feature => 'say', bundle => 0}],
+ ['<code>given</code>', 'switch statement to smart-match with <code>when</code>/<code>default</code>', {name => 'switch', feature => 'switch', bundle => 0, experimental => 'smartmatch'}],
['<code>/(?<name>)/</code>', 'named capture buffers into <code>%+</code>'],
['<code>/(?1)/</code>', 'recursive regular expression patterns'],
['<code>/(?|)/</code>', 'resets capture numbering for each contained branch'],
['<code>/p</code>', 'optionally preserve <code>${^MATCH}</code> variables (avoiding <code>$&</code> penalty until COW in v5.20)'],
['<code>/\v/, /\h/</code>', 'vertical and horizontal whitespace escapes (<code>\V</code> <code>\H</code> to invert); also <code>/\R/</code> for newlines'],
['<code>my $_</code>', 'lexically scoped version of the default variable', {experimental => 'lexical_topic', dropped => v5.23.4}],
- ['<code>state</code>', 'persistent <code>my</code> variables (scalars only until <a href="#state_ext">5.28</a>)', {feature => 'state'}],
+ ['<code>state</code>', 'persistent <code>my</code> variables (scalars only until <a href="#state_ext">5.28</a>)', {feature => 'state', bundle => 0}],
],
modules => [
- [autodie => 'replace builtin functions to throw exceptions instead of returning failure', 'eval {open ...} or $@->matches("open") || die'],
+ [autodie => 'replace builtin functions to throw exceptions instead of returning failure', 'eval {open ...} or $@->matches("open") || die'],
# overloading
- ['IO::Compress::Zip' => 'various file compression standards', 'zip IO::Uncompress::Gunzip->new("test.gz") => "recompressed.zip"'],
+ ['IO::Compress::Zip' => 'various file compression standards', 'zip IO::Uncompress::Gunzip'.$wbr.'->new("test.gz")'.$wbr.' => "recompressed.zip"'],
['Time::Piece' => 'timestamps as objects', 'localtime->year > 1900'],
- ['File::Fetch' => 'generic data retrieval/download', 'File::Fetch->new(uri => "http://localhost/")->fetch(to => \$slurp)'],
+ ['File::Fetch' => 'generic data retrieval/download', 'File::Fetch->new(uri => "http://localhost/")'.$wbr.'->fetch(to => \$slurp)'],
],
release => '2007-12-18',
distro => {
v5.12 => {
new => [
- ['<code>package</code> version', '<code>package</code> NAME VERSION shorthand for <code>our $VERSION</code>'],
+ ['<code>package</code> version', '<code>package</code> <i>NAME</i> <i>VERSION</i> shorthand for <code>our $VERSION</code>'],
['<code>...</code>', 'yada-yada operator: code placeholder'],
['<code>use 5.012</code>', 'implicit <code>strict</code> if use VERSION >= v5.12'],
['<code>… when</code>', '<code>when</code> is now allowed to be used as a statement modifier'],
[q"<code>use re '/flags'</code>", 'customise default modifiers'],
['<code>/(?^)/</code>', 'construct to reset to default modifiers'],
['<code>FH->method</code>', 'filehandle method calls load IO::File on demand (eg. <code>STDOUT->flush</code>)'],
- ['<code>\o{}</code>', 'escape sequence for octal values beyond \777'],
+ ['<code>\o{}</code>', 'escape sequence for octal values beyond 0777'],
+ ['<code>package {}</code>', 'package declaration in scope of code block only'],
+ ['<code>multiple: labels:</code>', 'statement labels allowed in all places, even before other labels'],
],
modules => [
[JSON => 'interface with data in JavaScript Object Notation', 'decode_json <>'],
v5.16 => {
new => [
- ['<code>__SUB__</code>', 'current subroutine reference', {feature => 'current_sub'}],
- ['<code>fc, "\F"</code>', 'unicode foldcase to compare case-insensitively', {feature => 'fc'}],
+ ["<code>no feature ${wbr}'array_base'</code>", 'disables <code>$[</code> to alter the 0 index of the first array element or substring character', {bundle => 0, dropped => v5.30}],
+ ['<code>__SUB__</code>', 'current subroutine reference', {feature => 'current_sub', bundle => 0}],
+ ['<code>fc, "\F"</code>', 'unicode foldcase to compare case-insensitively', {feature => 'fc', bundle => 0}],
['<code>"\N{}"</code>', 'automatic <code>use charnames qw( :full :short )</code>'],
],
release => '2012-05-20',
v5.18 => {
new => [
+ ['PERL_PERTURB_KEYS=1', 'hash overhaul; order is randomised instead of being semi-repeatable', {eg => 'each %{{%hash}} ne each %{{%hash}}'}],
['<code>${^LAST_FH}</code>', 'last read filehandle (used by <code>$.</code>)'],
['<code>/(?[ a + b ])/</code>', 'regex set operations (character subtraction <code>-</code>, union <code>+</code>, intersection <code>&</code>, xor <code>^</code>)', {experimental => 'regex_sets', stable => v5.36}],
['<code>my sub</code>', 'lexical subroutines (also <code>state</code>, <code>our</code>); buggy before v5.22', {experimental => 'lexical_subs', stable => v5.26}],
['<code>next $expression</code>', 'loop controls allow runtime expressions'],
- [q"<code>no warnings 'experimental::…'</code>", 'mechanism for experimental features, as of now required for <em>smartmatch</em>'],
+ [q"<code>no warnings 'experimental::…'</code>", 'mechanism for experimental features, as of now required for <a href="#switch">smartmatch</a>'],
],
release => '2013-05-18',
distro => {
ubuntu => '14.04 LTS', # trusty
opensuse => '13.1', # 2013-11 eol 2016-01
+ macos => '10.15', # pre-installed catalina 2019-10
},
unicode => '6.2',
},
v5.20 => {
new => [
- ['<code>sub ($var)</code>', 'subroutine signatures', {feature => 'signatures', experimental => 'signatures', stable => v5.36}],
+ ['<code>sub ($var)</code>', 'subroutine signatures', {feature => 'signatures', experimental => 'signatures', stable => v5.36, bundle => 0}],
['<code>%hash{…}</code>', 'hash slices return key+value pairs'],
- ['<code>[]->@*</code>', 'postfix dereferencing (also e.g. <code>$scalar->$*</code> for <code>$$scalar</code>)', {feature => 'postderef, postderef_qq', experimental => 'postderef', stable => v5.23.1}],
+ ['<code>[]->@*</code>', 'postfix dereferencing (also e.g. <code>$scalar->$*</code> for <code>$$scalar</code>)', {feature => 'postderef, postderef_qq', experimental => 'postderef', stable => v5.24, bundle => 0}],
[q"<code>use warnings 'once'; $a</code>", 'variables $a and $b are exempt from <em>used once</em> warnings'],
],
unicode => '6.3',
v5.22 => {
new => [
['<code>\$alias =</code>', 'aliasing via reference (scoped as of v5.25.3)', {experimental => 'refaliasing'}],
- ['<code><<>></code>', 'safe <code>readline</code> ignoring open flags in arguments'],
+ ['<code><<…>></code>', 'safe <code>readline</code> ignoring open flags in arguments'],
['<code>/()/n</code>', 'flag to disable numbered capturing, turning <code>()</code> into <code>(?:)</code>'],
['<code>/\b{}/</code>', 'boundary types: <em>gcb</em> (grapheme cluster), <em>sb</em> (sentence), <em>wb</em> (word)'],
- ['<code>&.</code>', '<code>& | ^ ~</code> consistently numeric, dotted operators for strings', {feature => 'bitwise', experimental => 'bitwise', stable => v5.28}],
+ ['<code>&.</code>', '<code>& | ^ ~</code> consistently numeric, dotted operators for strings', {feature => 'bitwise', experimental => 'bitwise', stable => v5.28, bundle => 0}],
[q"<code>use re 'strict'</code>", 'apply stricter syntax rules to regular expression patterns', {experimental => 're_strict'}],
['<code>0x.beep+0</code>', q"hexadecimal floating point notation with binary power; <code>printf '%a'</code> to display"],
['<code><s>??</s></code>', 'single match shorthand (deprecated since v5.14) requires the operator <code><em>m</em>?PATTERN?</code>'],
+ ['<code><s>use CGI</s></code>' => 'deprecated interface for serving http requests removed from core'
+ .', see <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/CGI::Alternatives" target=_blank>CGI::Alternatives</a>', {name => 'cgi'}],
],
unicode => '7.0',
release => '2015-06-01',
v5.26 => {
new => [
+ ["<code><s>use lib '.'</s></code>", 'current directory no longer included in default module search path <code>@INC</code>'],
['<code><<~EOT</code>', 'indented here-docs, strips same whitespace before delimiter in each line'],
['<code>@{^CAPTURE}</code>', q"array of last match's captures, so <code>${^CAPTURE}[0]</code> is <code>$1</code>"],
['<code>//xx</code>', 'extended modifier to also ignore whitespace in bracketed character classes'],
debian => '10', # buster 2019-07
ubuntu => '19.04', # disco 2019-04 eol 2020-01
freebsd => '11', # eol 2021-09
+ macos => '11', # big sur 2020-11
},
distrosum => "stable systems such as Debian 10, Ubuntu 19.04, FreeBSD 11",
},
['<code>m(\p{nv=/.*/})</code>', 'match unicode properties by regular expressions', {experimental => 'uniprop_wildcards'}],
['<code><s>my $state if 0</s></code>', 'workaround for <code><a href="#state">state</a></code> (deprecated since v5.10!) is now prohibited'],
[q"<code>qr'\N'</code>", 'Delimiters must be graphemes; unescaped <code>{</code> illegal; <code>\N</code> in single quotes'],
+ ['<code><s>use Locale::Codes</s></code>', 'removed from core, get actual lists from CPAN', {dropped => v5.30}],
],
unicode => '12.1',
release => '2019-05-22',
distro => {
ubuntu => '20.04', # focal LTS 2020-04 eol 2025-04
+ macos => '11.3', # big sur 2021-04 and monterrey 2021-10, alongside compatibility v5.18
},
},
v5.32 => {
new => [
- ['<code>isa</code>', 'infix operator to check class instance', {feature => 'isa', experimental => 'isa', stable => v5.36}],
- ['<code>$min < $_ <= $max</code>', 'chained comparison repeats inner part as <code>$min < $_ and $_ <= $max</code>'],
+ ['<code>isa</code>', 'infix operator to check class instance', {feature => 'isa', experimental => 'isa', stable => v5.36, bundle => 0}],
+ ['<code>$min < $_ <= $max</code>', 'chained comparison repeats inner part as <code>$min < $_ and $_ <= $max</code>'],
['<code>/\p{Name=$var}/</code>', 'match Unicode Name property like <code>\N{}</code> but with interpolation and subpatterns'],
[q"<code>open F, '+>>', undef</code>", 'respect append mode on temporary files with mixed access'],
- ["<code>no feature 'indirect'</code>", 'disable indirect object notation such as <code>new Class</code> instead of <code>Class->new</code>'],
+ ["<code>no feature 'indirect'</code>", 'disable indirect object notation such as <code>new Class</code> instead of <code>Class->new</code>', {name => 'indirect', bundle => v5.36}],
['streamzip', 'program distributed with core IO::Compress::Base to compress stdin into a zip container'],
],
unicode => '13.0',
v5.34 => {
new => [
- ['<code>try {} catch</code>', 'exception handling similar to eval blocks', {feature => 'try', experimental => 'try'}],
+ ['<code>try {} catch</code>', 'exception handling similar to eval blocks', {feature => 'try', experimental => 'try', stable => v5.40, bundle => 0}],
['<code>/{,<i>n</i>}/</code>', 'empty lower bound quantifier is accepted as shorthand for 0'],
['<code>\x{ … }</code>', 'insignificant space within curly braces, also for <code>\b{}</code>, <code>\g{}</code>, <code>\k{}</code>, <code>\N{}</code>, <code>\o{}</code> as well as <code>/{m,n}/</code> quantifiers'],
['<code>0o0</code>', 'octal prefix <code>0o</code> alternative to <code>0…</code> and <code>oct</code>'],
- ['<code>re::optimization(qr//)</code>', 'debug regular expression optimization information discovered at compile time'],
- ['<code>no feature …</code>', 'disable discouraged practices of <code>bareword_filehandles</code> and <code>multidimensional</code> array emulation'],
+ ["<code>re::optimization(${wbr}qr//)</code>", 'debug regular expression optimization information discovered at compile time'],
+ ['<code>no feature …</code>', 'disable discouraged practices of <code>multidimensional</code> and <code>bareword_filehandles</code> array emulation', {name => 'feature_534', bundle => [v5.36, v5.38]}],
],
release => '2021-05-20',
distro => {
v5.36 => {
new => [
- ['<code>use v5.36</code>', "use <code>warnings</code>; use feature qw'<code>signatures isa</code>'; no feature qw'<code>indirect multidimensional switch</code>'"],
- ['<code>use builtin</code>', 'namespace for interpreter functions, such as <code>weaken</code> and <code>blessed</code> from <code>Scalar::Util</code>, <code>ceil</code>/<code>floor</code> from <code>POSIX</code>, and <code>trim</code> like <code>String::Util</code>', {experimental => 'builtin'}],
+ ['<code>use v5.36</code>', q{use <code><a href="#warnings">warnings</a></code>; use feature qw'<code><a href="#signature">signatures</a> <a href="#isa">isa</a></code>'; no feature qw'<code><a href="#indirect">indirect</a> <a href="#feature_534">multidimensional</a> <a href="#switch">switch</a></code>'}],
+ ['<code>use builtin</code>', 'namespace for interpreter functions, such as <code>weaken</code> and <code>blessed</code> from <code>Scalar::Util</code>, <code>ceil</code>/<code>floor</code> from <code>POSIX</code>, and <code>trim</code> like <code>String::Util</code>', {experimental => 'builtin', stable => v5.40, bundle => 0}],
['<code>is_bool(!0)</code>', 'distinguish scalar variable types (by <code>builtin</code> functions) for data interoperability', {name => 'is_bool'}],
- ['<code>for my ($k, $v) (%hash)</code>', 'iterate over multiple values at a time (including <code>builtin::indexed</code> for arrays)', {experimental => 'for_list', feature => 'for_list'}],
+ ['<code>for my ($k, $v) (%hash)</code>', 'iterate over multiple values at a time (including <code>builtin::indexed</code> for arrays)', {experimental => 'for_list', feature => 'for_list', stable => v5.40}],
['<code>defer {}</code>', 'queue code to be executed when going out of scope', {feature => 'defer', experimental => 'defer'}],
- ['<code>try {} finally {}</code>', 'run code at the end of a <code><a href="#try">try</a></code> construct regardless of failure', {name => 'finally', feature => 'try', experimental => 'try'}],
+ ['<code>try {} finally {}</code>', 'run code at the end of a <code><a href="#try">try</a></code> construct regardless of failure', {name => 'finally', feature => 'try', experimental => 'try', stable => 0}], # not stable in v5.40
['<code>q«…»</code>', 'unicode delimiters for quoting operators', {experimental => 'extra_paired_delimiters'}],
['<code>sub ($var) {!<s>pop</s>}</code>', '<a href="#signatures">signature</a>d subs are stable, but mixing with the arguments array <code>@_</code> remains experimental', {feature => 'signatures', experimental => 'args_array_with_signatures'}],
['<code>$SIG{FPE}</code>', 'floating-point exceptions no longer deferred but delivered immediately like other signals', {name => 'sig_fpe'}],
unicode => '14.0',
release => '2022-05-28',
distro => {
- debian => '12', # bookworm 2023 upcoming
+ debian => '12', # bookworm 2023-06
ubuntu => '23.04', # lunar upcoming
},
},
+
+ v5.38 => {
+ new => [
+ ['<code>use feature "module_true"</code>', 'packages implicitly return true, enabled along with <code>no feature "<a href="#feature_534">bareword_filehandles</a>"</code>', {name => 'module_true', bundle => 0}],
+ ['<code>sub ($var ||=</code> default<code>)</code>', 'assign values when false (or undefined on <code>//=</code>) instead of omitted'],
+ ['<code>/(*{ … })/</code>', 'optimistic eval: <code>(?{ … })</code> with regex optimisations enabled'],
+ ['<code>class</code>', "define object classes: packages with <code>field</code> variables and <code>method</code> subroutines", {feature => 'class', experimental => 'class'}],
+ ['<code>${^LAST_<wbr>SUCCESSFUL_<wbr>PATTERN}</code>', 'explicit variable to access the previous match as in <code>s//…/</code>'],
+ ['<code>%{^HOOK}</code>', "perform tasks <code>require__before</code> and <code>require__after</code> when calling <code>require</code>"], # also @INC hook enhancements
+ ['<code>PERL_RAND_<wbr>SEED</code>', 'environment variable to set <code>srand</code> random number seed', {dropped => 0}],
+ ['<code>is_tainted</code>', '<code>builtin</code> function to check variable tainting like <code>Scalar::Util::tainted</code>', {dropped => 0, experimental => 'builtin', eg => 'builtin::is_tainted($ENV{PWD}) and say "running perl -T"'}],
+ ['<code>export_lexically</code>', '<code>builtin</code> function to export named functions into the calling scope', {dropped => 0, experimental => 'builtin', eg => 'method import {builtin::export_lexically {map {$_ => $self->can($_)} @_}}'}],
+ ],
+ unicode => '15.0',
+ release => '2023-07-02',
+ },
+
+ v5.40 => {
+ new => [
+ ['<code>use v5.40</code>', 'import <a href="#builtin">builtin</a> functions and enable the <a href="#try">try</a> feature'],
+ ['<code>__CLASS__</code>', 'keyword to reference to the current class name, similar to <code>__PACKAGE__</code>', {feature => 'class', name => 'class_ref'}],
+ ['<code>:reader</code>', 'attribute for <a href="#class">field</a> variables to create corresponding accessor methods', {feature => 'class'}],
+ ['<code>^^</code>', 'higher precedence logical <code>xor</code> operator, as <code>||</code> is to <code>or</code>'],
+ ['perl<code> -M …</code>', 'whitespace allowed after <code>-M</code> options', {dropped => 0}],
+ ['<code>builtin::inf</code>, <code>builtin::nan</code>', 'constants equivalent to special floating point values <em>infinity</em> and <em>Not a Number</em>'],
+ ],
+ modules => [
+ ['Test2::Suite' => 'comprehensive set of test tools for writing unit tests, providing a drop in replacement to <code>Test::More</code>'],
+ ['Term::Table' => 'format rows of data as ASCII tables, as in <a href="#test2_suite">Test2</a> diffs', {dropped => 0}],
+ ],
+ release => '2024-06-09',
+ },
}